|
Discussion: Typology
and Chronology
Catalogue
I. Cast Vessels
A. Linear-cut
Bowls (Nos. 1-2)
B. Ribbed Bowls (Nos. 3-5)
C. Colorless Bowls with Overhanging Rims (Nos. 6-8)
II. Naturally Colored Tablewares
A. Bowls with
Pinched Ribs (No. 9)
B. Translucent and Opaque Colored Fine Wares (Nos. 10-13)
III. Blown Naturally Colored and
Colorless Tablewares
A. Bowls with
Tubular Rims (No. 14)
B. Bowls with Triangular Rims (Nos. 15-20)
C. Bowls with Out Splayed Rounded Rims (Nos. 21-26)
D. Bowls with Hooked Rims and Variants (Nos. 27-34)
E. Basins and Large Coarse Bowls (Nos. 35-39)
IV. Blown Colorless Cut Tablewares
A. Bowls and
Other Vessels (Nos. 40-42)
V. Blown Naturally Colored and
Colorless Storage Wares
A. Prismatic
Bottle (No. 43)
B. Olla or Jar (No. 44)
C. Beakers or Jars (Nos. 45-53)
D. Beaded Stemmed Beaker (No. 54)
E. Jugs, Handled Jars, and Flasks (Nos. 55-64)
F. Unguentaria (Nos. 65-70)
G. Bases, Base Rings, and Bottoms (Nos. 71-83)
VI. Gaming Pieces or Markers (Nos.
84-85)
VII. Parietal Mosaics (Nos. 86-87)
VIII. Window Panes (Nos. 88-94)
Dicussion: Typology and
Chronology
Catalogue
I. Cast Vessels
A. Hellenistic
Grooved Bowl (No. 1)
B. Roman Translucent Colored Fine Ware (No. 2)
C. Roman Colorless Bowls with Overhanging Rims (No. 3)
II. Blown Vessels
A. Bowl with
Tubular Base Ring (No. 4)
B. Colorless Beaker (No. 5)
C. Colorless Vessel with Boss (No. 6)
III. Gaming Piece (No. 7)
I wish to express my sincere appreciation
to the following individuals who facilitated my work with the glass from the
Via Gabina Villa sites: To Kenneth Painter, The British Museum,
for first suggesting to the excavators that I publish the glass and for the
pleasure of his company while cataloguing the material; to Patrick Condon, Houston,
and Lorene Sterner, Ann Arbor, for executing and inking the fine profile drawings
that illustrate the text; to Joann Freed for her advice on the chronology of
the pottery; and to Messrs. Walter Widrig and Philip Oliver Smith for inviting
me to participate in this project and for graciously furnishing me with the
means to accomplish the work ; and to Carlo and Beryl Marcella, Ristorante La
Giara, Via Presnestina for their generous hospitality. Descriptive Terms for Shapes Rims:
Horizontal rim: A rim that
is turned at right angles to the neck or side.
Offset rim: A rim flaring outward in a curve from the neck or side,
then turning abruptly upward.
Out splayed rim: A rim flaring outward in a curve from the neck or
side.
Tubular rim: A rim folded outward and downward from the neck or side,
creating a hollow tube.
Double Tubular rim: The same as the above but with a second fold, creating
two hollow tubes, one above the other.
Unfinished rim: A rim created by scoring the side, leaving an unfinished,
often rough edge.
Upright rim: A rim that is a continuation of the neck or side, regardless
of the angle of the latter. It neither curves inward or outward.
Vertical rim: A rim rising perpendicularly with respect to the bottom
or base of the vessel.
Bases:
Bottom: The lowest part
or resting surface of a vessel; it may be flat, convex, or slightly concave.
Basal Angle: The inward bend of the lowe side toward the bottom or base
of the vessel.
Base: Any element attached to the underside of a vessel, upon which the
vessel rests.
Base Ring: A circular trail attached to the underside of a vessel.
Cut-Out Base Ring: The use of a tool to create a portuding but open base
ring on the underside of a vessel.
Closed Cut-Out Base Ring: The use of a tool to create a hollow, tubular
base ring on the underside of the vessel.
Descriptive Terms for Technique
Blowing: The inflation of
a gob of glass on the end of a blow pipe to create a vessel.
Blowing Spirals: Spiraling bubbles that occur when a vessel is blown and
rotated on the blow pipe or pontil rod.
Casting: Former Mold: The use of molds, whether one-piece, multipartite,
or former molds, in the manufacture of vessels.
Mold Blowing: A ceramic, metal, or plaster mold in the shape of the desired
vessel, over or through which a glass blank is sagged.
Pontil Mark: The scar left on the underside of a vessel when it is knocked
off a pontil rod.
Sagging: The process by which a rehathed glass blank slowly flows over,
into, or through a former mold, creating the basic shape of the vessel.
| D |
Diameter at the
rim of an intact vessel or the estimated diameter of a fragmentary vessel |
| H |
Height |
| L |
Length |
| Max |
Maximum |
| Min |
Minimum |
| Th |
Thickness |
| W |
Width |
GLASS
VESSELS AND OBJECTS: SITE 10 VILLA Dicussion: Typology The glass from the Villa at site
10 consists of approximately five hundred fragments of vessels, all Roman, and
another three hundred fragments of window panes. Of these, one hundred are sufficiently
well preserved to permit them to be identified either by form or by class of
glass. Among vessels eight are manufactured by casting and these include five
colored, linear-cut or ribbed bowls (Nos. 1-5) of Augustan or early Julio-Claudian
date (ca. 10 B.C. to A.D. 25, or AD 50 at the latest). The remaining three are
colorless bowls or plates with broad, overhanging rims (Nos. 6-8), an elegant
but common class found throughout the Roman Empire during the early decades
of the second century. Contemporary with the Augustan/Julio-Claudian
cast tablewares are a small number of blown vessels, both intentionally colored
(dark blue, aquamarine, golden-brown, purple) and naturally colored, usually
a distinct bluish-green. Classes include translucent and opaque colored fine
wares (Nos. 10-13), as well as colored bowls with pinched ribs (No. 9). Whereas
the former are Italian in origin (as suggested by finds at Paestum, Pompeii,
Herculaneum, Rome, Cosa, and Luni), the latter represent a Mediterranean or
"international" style popular in both the eastern and western halves
of the Empire. Also of this period are several naturally colored vessels, including
bluish-green bowls with large tubular rims (No. 14), a wide-mouthed jar with
a double-tubular rim (No. 44), a small beaker (No. 53), an unguent bottle (No.
64, and possibly 67-68), and possibly others among the bluish-green and pale
green vessels present at the site. Somewhat later is the sole example of a Roman
prismatic or square bottle (No. 43), with a molded geometric pattern on its
underside. It belongs either to the Flavian period or to the first half of the
second century. Surprisingly, no other example of mold-blowing was found, despite
the popularity of many mold blown classes in Italy during the early imperial
age. Another class, tentatively attributed
to the Augustan or Julio-Claudian period, has until now never been discussed
in the literature. This highly unusual type consists of huge basins and bowls,
some with square rims, which were formed by sagging thick blanks over or into
"former molds" (Nos. 35-39). The fabric of this class is exceedingly
coarse with numerous bubbles, surface striations, and inclusions, most closely
resembling typical matte/glossy window panes (here, Nos. 89-94). Also like window
glass, the rims are uneven and beveled, with tooling marks on the underside.
Similar vessels have been recovered from the excavations at Cosa and Magdalensberg
(Austria), where they came from contexts of the first half of the first century.
The function of these crude vessels cannot be determined but it is likely that
they were held in a wooden or metal frames (their bottoms appear to be convex).
Perhaps they served as wash basins or mixing bowls. The rest of the glass at the Villa
Site 10 represents a typical assemblage of forms and classes consistent with
a date in the second to early third century AD These are mostly thinly-blown,
colorless table and storage wares, ranging from plates, bowls, and beakers to
small and large jars, jugs, flasks, double-flasks, beaded-stemmed beakers, and
ungentaria. Some forms, such as the bowls with triangular rims (Nos.15-20),
are characteristically Italian; others like the candlestick ungentaria (Nos.
69-70) are found throughout the Mediterranean area. Three at the Villa at Site
10 are also decorated with cut circular, oval, and grain-shaped facets, and
of these, No. 40, is without doubt the finest. This bowl combines a delicately
crafted shape with a handsomely designed geometric pattern of cutting on both
the rim and base. Among the more unusual or better preserved vessels from the
site are a deep bowl on a high base ring (No. 34), a beaded-stemmed beaker with
a trefoil body (No. 54), a jug with a double body (No. 62), and a flask with
pinched ribs around the lover body (No. 63). Also of interest are a series of
moderately tall, closed, cut-out base rings (Nos. 79-81) which preserve a convex
upper surface and a pontil or post-scar on the underside. When only the central
portion of these bases have been found (that is, lacking the base ring itself),
they are often mistakenly identified as a special type of bottom, but one which
would have caused the vessel to wobble. Dicussion: Chronology The recognizable and datable glass
from the Villa at Site 10 falls into two distinct periods. The earlier comprises
the late Augustan through Julio-Claudian periods, roughly the first half of
the first century AD No Hellenistic material is present (Hellenistic glass in
any event, is rare on Romano-Italian sites), and none of the earliest Roman
glass needs to be dated before the beginning of the Christian era. On the other
hand, the cast linear-cut and ribbed bowls (Nos. 1-5) occur on other sites as
early as the last half or last quarter of the first century BC, but as classes,
they continued to be made (or circulated) in quantity in the first decades of
the next century. The second and largest assemblage
of glass (fully 90% of the total at the site) belongs to the second century,
probably continuing into the third. Unfortunately, the classes involved (and
especially those thought to be exclusively Italian) are little published from
closely dated contexts, and it is not possible at this time to attribute them
to chronological periods shorter than a full century or even longer. Perhaps
the latest datable piece is the colorless, beaded-stemmed beaker (No. 54) which
probably falls in the early third century. There are no fragments from the villa
that belong to shapes or classes assigned to the fourth through seventh centuries. Surprising by their absence are identifiable,
decorated and undecorated vessels of the Flavian period (that is, the second
half or final third of the first century AD). This is the sort of material normally
present in abundance on Romano-Italian sites. They are best illustrated from
the glass-finds recovered from Pompeii and Herculaneum. Although several fragments,
such as ones from an olla or a prismatic bottle (Nos. 43-44) can date to the
latter half of the first century, they are as easily attributable to the early
second century since such classes persisted into that period. Catalogue
Cast Linear
Cut Bowls
|
|
1. G
10/82 CC 22 A (2) SF no. 82.371
D ca. 14 cm; Max Th .3 cm
|
Fragment of rim and side
of broad, shallow linear-cut bowl; golden brown. Iridescence and pitting.
Upright rim with rounded edge; convex curving side. On the interior,
three narrow, horizontal cut grooves: one below the rim and two in a
band around the lower side. Cast; lathe-cut and polished on the interior
and on the outside of the rim; fire-polished on the rest of the exterior.
Fig. 1; Pl. 1
|
| |
 |
2. G 10/85 Y 23 P
(2) SF no. 85.160
D ca. 10 cm; Max Th .3 cm
-
|
Fragment of rim and side
of linear-cut bowl; golden-yellow. Silvery iridescence and pitting.
Upright rim with rounded edge; convex curving side. On the interior,
three narrow, horizontal grooves one below the rim and two in band around
the middle of the body. Cast; lathe-polished and cut on the interior
and on the outside of the rim; fire-polished on the rest of the exterior.
Fig. 2
|
Ribbed Bowls
|
|
3. G
10/87 Z 21/22 R (3) SF no. 87.80
D ca. 12 cm; Max Th .4 cm |
Fragment of rim and side
ribbed bowl; golden-brown. Scaly white weathering and silvery iridescence.
Thick, slightly outsplayed rim with rounded edge; almost vertical side,
with a slight outward curve. On the exterior, vestiges of the upper
ends of low, rounded ribs. On the interior, a shallow, horizontal cut
groove below the rim. Cast; lathe polished and cut on the interior and
on the top of the rim; fire-polished on the rest of the exterior.
Fig. 3; Pl. 2
|
|
|
4. G 10/89 S 14 F
(8)
D ca. cm; Max Th .3 cm |
Fragment of rim and side
of miniature ribbed bowl; pale yellow. Tall, upright rim; convex curving
side. On the exterior, three short rounded ribs disposed vertically
on the side. The ribs are polished across their upper ends; they taper
to the junction of the side and bottom. Cast; lathe-polished on the
interior and on the outside of the rim; fire-polished on the rest of
the exterior. Careful craftsmanship.
Fig. 4; Pl. 3
|
|
|
5. G
10/87 Z 21/22 R (3)
D ca.10 cm; Max Th .4 cm
-
|
Fragment of side of ribbed
bowl; blue. Whitish and silvery iridescence Convex curving side. On
the exterior, numerous short, close-set rounded ribs. Cast; lathe-polished
on the interior; fire-polished on the exterior.
Fig. 5; Pl. 4
|
Cast
Colorless Fine Wares
| |
 |
6. G 10/82 DD 24
(1) SF no. 82.338
D ca. 20 cm; A Th .25 cm |
Fragment of rim (incomplete)
of broad shallow bowl; colorless. White flaky weathering and pitting.
Sharply outsplayed rim with a rounded, over-hanging edge. Cast; lathe-polished
on both surfaces.
Fig. 6
|
| |
 |
7. G 10/82 DD 24
(1) SF no. 82.338
D ca. 18 cm; A Th .3 cm
-
Fragment of rim (incomplete)
of broad shallow bowl; colorless. White flaky weathering and pitting.
Sharply outsplayed rim with a rounded, overhanging edge. Cast; lathe-polished
on both surfaces.
-
Remarks: While otherwise
similar to No. 6, the diameter of this fragment is smaller and the
width of the rim is also less.
Fig. 7
|
| |
 |
8. G 10/82 Z 14 B
(2) SF no. 82.404
D ca. 10 cm; A Th .3 cm
-
Fragment of rim (incomplete)
of hemispherical bowl; colorless. Whitish weathering and pitting.
Sharply outsplayed rim with rounded edge (lacking an over-hang). Cast;
lathe-polished on both surfaces.
Fig. 8
|
Blown Colored Ribbed Bowls
| |
No
Figure Available |
9. G
10/80 BB 12 D (1) SF no. 80.119
D uncertain; Max Th cm
- Fragment of upper side of
ribbed bowl; dark blue. Iridescence and pitting. Fairly Straight side,
with a slight downward curve. On the exterior, the upper end of one
rib pinched out from the side. Blown.
|
Blown Translucent and Opaque Colored Fine Wares
| |
 |
10. G 10/64 CC 16
G (2) SF no. 64.190
D ca. 18 cm; Th .1 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of bowl; dark blue. Iridescence and pitting. Upright rim with a solid
edge folded outward and downward. Almost vertical side. Blown.
Fig. 10
|
| |
 |
11. G 10/89 U 15
So. E. (4) SF no. 89.21
D base ring ca. 14 cm; Th .1 cm
-
Fragment of side and base
of large bowl or plate; dark blue. Iridescence and pitting. Almost
vertical side; flat floor; tubular base ring Blown.
Fig. 11
|
| |
 |
12.
G 10/81 EE 23 A (2) SF no. 81.140
D ca. 12 cm; Th .15 cm
-
Two non-joining and two
joining fragments of rim and side of deep beaker; dark aquamarine.
Slight iridescence and pitting. Vertical rim with polished edge; convex
curving side. On the exterior, a horizontal cut groove below the rim;
another narrow groove around the lower side. Blown and cut.
Fig. 12
|
| |
 |
13. G
10/84 CC 23 031 (4) SF no. 84.190
D ca. 22 cm; Max. Th .3 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of broad, shallow plate; opaque turquoise blue. Iridescence and pitting.
Almost horizontal rim with rounded edge; almost flat side with a slight
downward curve. Blown, with blowing spirals and long elliptical bubbles.
Fig. 13
|
Blown Naturally Colored Tablewares
Bowls
with Tubular Rims
| |
 |
14. G 10/83 DD 16
A (4) SF no. 83.94
D ca. 26 cm; A Th .1 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large bowl; natural bluish-green. Iridescence and pitting. Slightly
outsplayed, tubular rim, folded outward and downward; fairly straight
side, with a slight downward curve. Blown.
Fig. 14
|
Blown Colorless Tablewares
Bowls
with Triangular Rims
| |
 |
15. G
10/88 W 18 A (4)
D ca. 22 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large bowl; natural bluish-green. Iridescence and pitting. Slightly
outsplayed, tubular rim, folded outward and downward; fairly straight
side, with a slight downward curve. Blown.
Fig. 15
|
| |
 |
16. G 10/88 BB 12
M (2) SF no. 80.43
D ca. 22 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large bowl; colorless. Iridescence and pitting. Thick, upright
rim, triangular in section, with a pointed edge; straight side, tapering
diagonally downward. Blown, with tiny bubbles and surface striations.
Fig. 16
|
| |
 |
17. G 10/80 BB 12
M (2) SF no. 80.47
D ca. 20 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large bowl; colorless. Silvery iridescence and pitting. Upright
rim, triangular in section, with pointed edge; straight side, tapering
diagonally downward. Blown, with tiny bubbles and numerous surface
striations.
Fig. 17
|
| |
 |
18. G 10/81 CC 15
West A (3) SF no. 81.112
D ca. 19 cm
-
Six joining and non-joining
fragments of large bowl; colorless with slight greenish tinge. Upright
rim, triangular in section, with a pointed edge; straight side, tapering
diagonally downward. Blown, with tiny bubbles and surface striations.
Fig. 18
|
| |
 |
19. G 10/81 EE 23
A (2) SF no. 81.142
D ca. 15 cm
-
Two non-joining fragments
of rim and side of bowl; colorless. Iridescence and slight pitting.
Thick, upright rim, triangular in section, with a pointed edge; straight
side, tapering diagonally downward. Blown, with numerous surface striations.
Fig. 19
|
| |
 |
20. G 10/86 BB 15
South (1)
D ca. 12 cm
-
Two non-joining fragments
of rim and side of bowl; colorless. Silvery iridescence and pitting.
Vertical rim, triangular in section, with a pointed edge; straight
side, tapering diagonally downward. Blown, with tiny bubbles and numerous
surface striations.
Fig. 20
|
Blown Colorless Tablewares
Out
splayed Rounded Rims
| |
 |
21. G 10/89 AA 22
F (5)
D ca. 24 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless. Silvery iridescence and pitting.
Out splayed, rounded rim; fairly straight side, tapering diagonally
downward. Blown, with surface striations.
Fig. 21
|
| |
 |
22. G 10/85 AA 22
C (2)
D ca. 24 cm
-
Two non-joining fragments
of rim and side of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless. Silvery iridescence
and pitting. Out splayed, rounded rim; fairly straight side, tapering
diagonally downward. Blown, with surface striations.
Fig. 22
|
| |
 |
23. G 10/80 BB 12
M (2) SF no. 80.48
D ca. 22 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless with a greenish tinge. Iridescence
and pitting. Sharply outsplayed rim with rounded edge; fairly straight
side, tapering diagonally downward. Blown, with surface striations.
Fig. 23
|
| |
 |
24. G 10/80 BB 12
M (4) SF no. 60.106
D ca. 22 cm
-
Five joining and non-joining
fragments of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless. Silvery iridescence
and pitting. Out splayed, rounded rim; uneven but fairly straight
side, tapering diagonally downward. On the exterior-, a horizontal
trail applied around the body. Blown, with elliptical bubbles and
numerous striations.
Fig. 24
|
| |
 |
25. G 10/83 DD 16
A (4) SF no. 83.73
D ca. 20 cm
-
Two non-joining fragments
of rim and side of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless. Silvery iridescence.
Sharply outsplayed rim with a rounded edge; straight side, tapering
diagonally downward. Blown, with tiny bubbles and surface striations.
Fig. 25
|
| |
 |
26. G 10/85 AA 22
F (2) SF no. 85.30
D ca. 20 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless with a greenish tinge. Silvery
iridescence and pitting. Sharply outsplayed rim with a rounded edge;
straight side, tapering diagonally downward. Blown, with tiny bubbles
and surface striations.
Fig. 26
|
Bowls with Hooked Rims and Variants
| |
 |
27. G 10/88 DD 20
(1)
D ca. 22 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless with a greenish tinge. Iridescence
and pitting. Sharply outsplayed rim with a hooked edge; convex curving
side. Blown, with tiny bubbles and numerous surface striations.
Fig. 27
|
| |
 |
28. G 10/83 EE 22
C (24) SF no. 83.166
D ca. 22 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless. Silvery iridescence and pitting.
Sharply outsplayed rim with hooked edge; convex curving side. Blown,
with bubbles and numerous surface striations.
Fig. 28
|
| |
 |
29. G 10/63 DD 19
(10)
D ca. 22 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless. Iridescence and pitting.
Thick, sharply outsplayed rim; convex curving side. Blown.
Fig. 29
|
| |
 |
30. G 10/85 Y 23
(1)
D ca. 22 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless. Slight iridescence. Thick,
sharply outsplayed rim; straight side, tapering downward. Blown, with
tiny bubbles.
Fig. 30
|
| |
 |
31. G 10/83 DD 19
(6)
D ca. 20 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large, broad shallow bowl; colorless. Iridescence and pitting.
Thick, outsplayed rim; convex curving side. Blown, with elliptical
bubbles and surface striations.
Fig. 31
|
| |
 |
32. G 10/80 X 18
(2) SF no. 80.30
D ca. 15 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of bowl; colorless. Iridescence and pitting. Thick, outsplayed rim;
convex curving side. Blown, with elliptical bubbles and surface striations.
Fig. 32
|
| |
 |
33. G 10/80 BB 9
G (4) SF no. 80.153
D ca. 13 cm
-
Three non-joining fragments
of rim and side of bowl; natural bluish green. Iridescence and pitting.
Out splayed, rounded rim; convex curving side. Blown, with surface
striations.
Fig. 33
|
| |
 |
34. G 10/82 CC 19
South A (2)
Restored H ca. 9 cm; D ca. 16 cm;
D base ring ca. 11 cm
-
Eighty-one joining and
non-joining fragments of rim, side, and base of deep bowl; colorless.
White, powdery weathering and pitting. Vertical rim with flat edge;
almost vertical side, with a slight downward curve; slightly convex
bottom; tall base ring.
Fig. 34
|
Large Basins and Bowls
| |
|
35. G 10/85 Y 23
D (4)
D ca. 29 cm; A. Th .4 cm
- Fragment of rim and side
of large, broad shallow basin. Pale greenish-yellow Iridescence and
pitting. Thick outsplayed rim with uneven edge; fairly straight side,
tapering downward. Probably sagged from a blank; tooling marks on and
under the rim. Numerous bubbles and striations.
Fig. 35; Pl. 5
|
| |
|
36. G 10/84 CC 23
West SF no. 84.14
D ca. 24 cm; A. Th .4 cm
- Fragment of rim and side
of deep bowl(?); colorless with greenish tinge. Iridescence and pitting.
Thick, outsplayed rim with uneven edge; fairly straight side, with a
slight downward curve. Probably sagged from a blank; tooling marks on
and under the rim. Numerous bubbles and striations.
Fig. 36; Pl. 6
|
| |
 |
37. G 10/83 DD 21
E A (3)
W basin uncertain; A. Th .6 cm
- Two joining fragments of
large, square-sided basin or other vessel(?); colorless with greenish
tinge. Iridescence and pitting. Thick, almost horizontal rim, highly
uneven on its upper- and underside, with a square corner preserved;
the edge of the rim is uneven; a circular(?) basin tapers downward,
presumably toward a convex bottom. Probably sagged from a blank; tooling
marks on the underside of the rim, with a deep tooling mark on the underside
of the preserved corner. Numerous bubbles and striations.
Fig. 37
|
| |
 |
38. G 10/83 DD 21
A (4) SF no. 83.248
W basin uncertain; Max Th .5 cm; Min.
Th .3 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of large, square-sided basin or other vessel(?); colorless with greenish
tinge. Iridescence and pitting. Thick, sharply outsplayed rim; straight
side, tapering diagonally downward. Probably sagged from a blank;
tooling marks under the rim. Numerous bubbles and striations.
Fig. 38
|
| |
|
39. G 10/82 DD 23
(1) SF no. 82.104
W basin uncertain; A Th .6 cm
-
Fragment of the corner
and side of a large, square-sided basin or other vessel(?); colorless
with a grayish tinge. Iridescence and pitting. Thick, sharply outsplayed
rim, uneven at its edge and on its underside, with a square corner
preserved; side tapers diagonally downward. Probably sagged from a
blank; tooling marks on the underside of the rim, with a deep tooling
mark on the underside of the preserved corner. Numerous bubbles and
striations.
Fig. 39; Pl. 7
|
Blown Decorated Tablewares
Colorless
and Cut
| |
|
40. G
10/83 CC 18 C (14) SF no. 83.208 and G 10/84 CC 18 C (12) SF no.
84.130
Restored H 3.5 cm; D CA; 22 cm; Max.
Th bottom .5 cm; Min Th .1 cm
-
Eleven joining and non-joining
fragments of rim, side, and bottom of a large bowl; colorless. Whitish
weathering, slight iridescence, and pitting. Broad, sharply outsplayed
rim with a rounded edge; convex curving side; fairly flat bottom,
slightly convex and considerably thicker at its center. On the exterior,
a broad horizontal coil applied at the junction of the rim and side.
On the top of the rim, numerous, short grain-shaped cut facets set
side-by-side; on the underside of the bottom, a "palm frond"
motif of paired, grain-shaped facets encircles twelve broad oval facets
radiating out from a large (D 5 cm) central circular facet. Blown;
cut on both surfaces
Fig. 40; Pl. 8
-
Remarks: There is no evidence
of an applied base ring.
|
| |
 |
41. G 10/80 BB 9
G (1) SF no. 80.210
Th .25 cm
-
Tiny fragment of vessel,
Slight iridescence. Two partly preserved oval facets cut on the upper
surface. Blown and cut.
Fig. 41
|
| |
 |
42. G 10/88 AA 13
A (2)
Th .4 cm
-
Tiny fragment of vessel.
Colorless. White iridescence and pitting. Two rows of grain-shaped
facets cut side-by-side on the upper surface; below, a band of three
horizontal cut grooves. Blown and cut.
Fig. 42
|
Mold-Blown Prismatic Bottle
| |
 |
43. G
10/83 PP 16 A (4) SF no. 83.243
W side ca. 8 cm; Max. Th .6 cm
-
Fragment of side and bottom
of prismatic bottle; natural pale bluish green. Iridescence and pitting.
Indication of a vertical side; slightly concave bottom. On the underside,
a partly preserved molded pattern consisting of two concentric circular
ridges with a small raised circle, probably one of four in each corner.
Fig. 43
|
Olla or Jar
| |
 |
44. G
10/80
D ca. 8 cm; A. Th .1 cm
-
Fragment of rim of olla
or large, openmouthed jar; naturally bluish green. Slight iridescence.
Fairly flat, double tubular, folded rim. Blown and tooled.
Fig. 44
|
Blown Colorless and Naturally Colored
Beakers
| |
 |
45. G
10/84 DD 20 O (4) SF no. 84.86
D 9.5 cm; A. Th .05 cm
-
Two joining fragments of
rim and side of conical beaker; natural pale green. Slight iridescence.
Offset rim with unfinished edge; straight side, with a downward taper.
Blown.
Fig. 45
|
| |
 |
46. G
10/80 BB 9G (5) SF no. 80.200
D ca. 10 cm; A. Th .03 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of beaker; colorless. Silvery iridescence and pitting. Slightly outsplayed
rim with solid, folded edge; fairly straight side with a slight outward
taper. Blown.
Fig. 46
|
| |
 |
47. G
10/83 DD 19 (7) SF no. 83.221
D ca. 8 cm; A. Th .05 cm
-
Three joining fragments
of rim and side of beaker; colorless.
Whitish weathering and pitting. Offset rim with unfinished edge; straight
side, with a slight outward taper. Blown.
Fig. 47
|
| |
 |
48. G
10/83 EE 22 C (15)
D ca. 7 cm; A. Th .05 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of beaker; colorless. Whitish weathering and pitting. Offset rim with
unfinished edge; fairly straight side with a slight outward taper.
Blown.
Fig. 48
|
| |
 |
49. G
10/83 CC 19 South A (2)
D ca. 7 cm; A. Th .05 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of beaker; colorless. Whitish weathering and pitting. Out splayed
rim with solid, folded edge; fairly straight upper side curving inward
toward the bottom. Blown.
Fig. 49
|
| |
 |
50. G
10/83 CC 22 (9) SF no. 83.27
Max D body 7.5 cm; Min. Th .1 cm;
Max. Th .4 cm
-
Lower body and bottom of
beaker; colorless. Whitish iridescence and pitting. Almost vertical
side turns abruptly inward to a slightly concave bottom. On the exterior-,
two fine, horizontal cut grooves; one around the middle of the body;
the other just above the junction of the side and basal angle. Blown;
cut on the exterior.
Fig. 50
|
| |
 |
51. G
10/82 CC 19 B (5) SF no. 83.387
D ca. 12 cm; A. Th .05 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of jar; colorless. Whitish weathering and pitting. Sharply outsplayed
rim with rounded edge; body curves outward from the rim. Blown.
Fig. 51
|
Blown Colorless Jars
| |
 |
52. G
10/87 Z 21/22 R (2) SF no. 87.63
D ca. 5 cm; A. Th .1 cm
-
Fragment of rim and side
of small jar; colorless. Whitish weathering. Sharply outsplayed rim
with solid, folded rim; sharply flaring shoulder and side. Blown.
Fig. 52
|
| |
No
Figure Available |
53.
G 10/82 BB 22 E (1) SF no. 82.372
D ca. 5.5cm; A. Th .05 cm
-
Fifteen joining and non-joining
fragments of rim, neck, and shoulder of jar; colorless. Whitish iridescence
and pitting. Sharply outsplayed rim with tubular rim folded upward
and inward. Short cylindrical neck; flaring shoulder. Blown.
|
Blown Colorless Stemmed Beaker
| |
|
54. G
10/89 W 20 L Cun 523 (14)
Preserved H 11 cm; Max. D body 6 cm;
Th .3 cm
-
Lower body and stemmed
base (incomplete) of a large trefoil beaker. Colorless. Whitish weathering,
giving the appearance that the beaker is opaque. Thick-walled, conical
body, trefoil in section, tapering downward to a solid beaded stem
and a flaring base. Blown and tooled.
Fig. 54; Pl. 9
|
Blown Colorless and Naturally Colored Jugs, Handled Jars, and Flasks
| |
 |
55. G
10/88 W 27 N (2)
D 5.4 cm; A. Th .1 cm
-
Fragment of rim, neck,
and shoulder of large jug; colorless with greenish tinge. Out splayed
rim with solid, thickened edge; cylindrical neck, tapering upward;
flaring shoulder; upper handle attachment at junction of rim and side.
Blown, with numerous elliptical bubbles.
Fig. 55
|
| |
|
56. G
10/84 CC 22 K (3) SF no. 84.194
D 4 cm; A. Th .05 cm
-
Rim, neck, and shoulder
of globular oil flask; colorless with distinct greenish tinge. Iridescence
and pitting. Horizontal tubular rim, folded inward; cylindrical neck;
flaring shoulder; ring handle (only one on this flask) attached at
the junction of the neck and shoulder. Blown.
Fig. 56; Pl. 10
|
| |
 |
57. G
10/84 CC 22 (9)
D 4.2 cm; A. Th .05 cm
-
Rim and neck of flask;
pale bluish-green. Iridescence and pitting. Horizontal tubular rim,
folded inward; cylindrical neck. Blown.
Fig. 57
|
| |
 |
58. G
10/80 X 18 B (7) SF no. 80.104
D 3.5 cm; A. Th .1 cm
-
Two joining fragments or
rim and neck of flask; pale bluish green. Iridescence and pitting.
Down-turned rim with the edge folded inward; cylindrical neck, tapering
downward. Blown.
Fig. 58
|
| |
 |
59. G
10/89 U 15 North E (3)
D ca. cm; A. Th .04 cm
-
Fragment of rim and neck
of flask; pale bluish-green. Iridescence and pitting. Out splayed
rim with fire-polished edge; cylindrical neck, expanding outward at
its center. Blown.
Fig. 59
|
| |
 |
60. G
10/82 BB 22 B (7) SF no. 83.312 D 5.7 cm; A. Th
.1 cm
-
Fragment of rim and neck
of flask; colorless. Iridescence and pitting. Sharply outsplayed tubular
rim, folded inward; cylindrical neck flaring outward. Blown.
Fig. 60
|
| |
 |
61. G
10/86 X 23 V (15) SF no. 86.67
D neck 2.8 cm; A. Th .15 cm
-
Neck (incomplete) and side
of flask; natural bluish-green. Black scaly weathering and pitting.
Cylindrical neck; flaring shoulder and side. Blown.
Fig. 61
|
| |
|
62. G
10/84 CC 22 (9)
Preserved H 13 cm; Max. D rim 2.1
cm; A. Th side .1 cm
-
Six joining and non-joining
fragments of rim, neck, handle, and upper body of a double-bodied
flask; natural bluish-green. Iridescence and pitting. Two joined,
uneven, vertical rims with rounded edges; two joined cylindrical necks,
tapering upward; flaring shoulder. The body is divided vertically
into two chambers by a vertical wall. A two-ribbed hip-handle extended
from below the rim and on the shoulder. Blown and tooled, with an
applied handle.
Fig. 62; Pl. 11
|
Blown Colorless Decorated Ribbed Jar or Jug
| |
|
63. G
10/89 CC 19 South A (2) SF no. 82.369
D base ring 5 cm; A. Th .1 cm
-
Twelve joining and non-joining
fragments of lover body and base of a ribbed jar or jug; colorless.
Whitish weathering, giving the appearance that the vessel is opaque.
Bulbous body, turning inward toward the neck and toward the base;
flat, asymmetrical coil applied as a base ring. On the exterior, several
raised vertical ribs encircle the vessel. Blown, with applied or pinched
ribbing and base ring; pontil scar on the underside of the bottom.
Fig. 63; Pl. 12
|
| |
No
Figure Available |
64.
G 10/82 Z 14 B (2) SF no. 82.398
Th .1 cm
-
Fragment of lower side
of a ribbed vessel. Colorless. Slight iridescence. Convex curving
side. Raised ribbing similar to above. Blown with applied decoration.
|
Blown Naturally Colored and Colorless Unguentaria
| |
 |
65. G
10/81 EE 23 A (2) SF no. 81.164
H 10 cm; D ca. 2.5 cm; Max. D body
2 cm
-
Four joining fragments
of rim, side, and bottom of tubular ungentarium; natural pale bluish-green.
Iridescence and pitting. Out splayed rim with fire-polished edge;
cylindrical neck expanding outward at its center; tall conical body;
slightly concave bottom. Blown.
Fig. 65
|
| |
 |
66. G
10/80 BB 9 G (2) SF no. 80.164
D neck 1.7 cm; Max D body 3 cm
-
Fragment of neck and body
of small, thick-walled unguentarium; natural bluish-green. Slight
iridescence and pitting. Cylindrical neck expanding outward at its
center; elongated ovoid body. Blown.
Fig. 66
|
| |
 |
67. G
10/86 Z 25 E (3) SF no. 86.37
D neck 1.3 cm; Max D body 3.8 cm
-
Fragment of neck, side,
and bottom of small unguentarium; natural bluish-green. Iridescence
and pitting. Cylindrical neck; bell-shaped body; slightly concave
bottom. Blown.
Fig. 67
|
| |
 |
68. G
10/84 CC 22 (9) SF no. 84.231
D neck 1.2 cm; Max D body 2.6 cm
-
Fragment of neck, side,
and bottom of small unguentarium. Natural pale bluish-green. Iridescence
and pitting. Tall, cylindrical neck; conical body; slightly concave
bottom. Blown.
Fig. 68
|
| |
 |
69. G
10/83 EE 22 C (11) SF no. 83.132
Max D body ca. 10 cm; A Th .15 cm
-
Fragment of side and bottom
of candlestick unguentarium; natural pale bluish-green. Iridescence
and pitting. Straight side, sloping diagonally downward to a rounded
basal angle; concave bottom. Blown.
Fig. 69
|
| |
 |
70. G
10/80 BB 9 F (3) SF no. 80.71
Max D body ca. 12cm; A Th .15 cm
- Fragment of side and bottom
of candlestick unguentarium; colorless. Silvery iridescence. Straight
side, sloping diagonally downward to a rounded basal angle; concave
bottom. Blown.
Fig. 70
|
Naturally Colored and Colorless Bases and Bottoms
| |
 |
71. G
10/82 X 16 A (2) SF no. 82.340
Max D 8.5 cm; Max Th .5 cm
- Fragment of side and bottom
of vessel, probably a storage ware; natural bluish-green. Iridescence
and pitting. Vestiges of a vertical side; rounded basal angle; slightly
concave bottom. Blown.
Fig. 71
|
| |
 |
72. G
10/83 W 21 East P (3)
Max D 7.5 cm
- Fragment of side and bottom
of vessel, probably a storage ware; natural bluish-green. Slight iridescence.
Convex curving side; slightly concave bottom. Blown.
Fig. 72
|
| |
 |
73. G
10/82 DD 19 East H (4) SF no. 82.205
Max D ca. 8 cm; Max Th .6 cm
- Two joining fragments of
side and bottom of vessel; colorless. Iridescence and pitting. Straight
side, tapering downward; fairly flat bottom, concave at its center.
Blown.
Fig. 73
|
| |
 |
74. G
10/87 BB 21-22 E (5) SF no. 87.91
D base ring 5 cm
- Fragments of side and base
of beaker or bowl; colorless. Whitish weathering and pitting. Vestiges
of a convex curving side; closed cutout base ring, concave on its underside.
Blown.
Fig. 74
|
| |
 |
75. G
10/80 BB 12 M (4) SF no. 80.109
D base ring 4.5 cm
- Fragment of side and base
of beaker or bowl; colorless. Whitish weathering and pitting. Vestiges
of a flaring side; closed cut-out base ring with a slight kick on its
underside. Blown.
Fig. 75
|
| |
 |
76. G
10/80 BB 12 M (3) SF no. 80.64
D base ring 4 cm
- Fragment of side and base
of beaker or bowl; colorless. Whitish weathering and pitting. Vestiges
of a flaring side; closed cutout base ring uneven on its underside.
Blown.
Fig. 76
|
| |
 |
77. G
10/92 CC 12 (1)
D base ring ca. 6 cm
- Fragment of side and base
of bowl or other vessel; colorless. Iridescence and pitting. Almost
vertical side; concave bottom, convex on the underside; circular coil
applied around the lower side serves as a base ring. Blown, with applied
base ring.
Fig. 77
|
| |
 |
78. G
10/92 CC 12 (2)
D base ring ca. 5.5 cm
- Fragment of side and base
of bowl or other vessel, almost identical to no. 77; colorless. Iridescence
and pitting. Almost vertical side; concave botton; circular coil applied
around the lower side serves as a base ring. Blown, with applied base
ring.
Fig. 78
|
Special Base Rings with Post/Pontil Marks
| |
 |
79. G
10/80 BB 12 C (1) SF no. 80.25
D base ring ca. 6 cm; A Th bottom
.1 cm
-
Two non-joining fragments
of side and base of vessel; colorless. Silvery iridescence and pitting.
Vestiges of flaring side; convex bottom, with a tall, narrow, closed
cutout base ring; on the underside of the bottom, a circular projecting
pontil or post scar. Blown.
Fig. 79
|
| |
 |
80. G
10/81 EE 25 A (2) SF no. 81.140
D base ring 5.5 cm; A Th bottom .1
cm
-
Fragment of side and base
of vessel; colorless. Silvery iridescence and pitting. Vestiges of
flaring side; convex bottom, with a tall, narrow closed cutout base
ring; on the underside of the bottom, a circular projecting pontil
or post mark. Blown.
Fig. 80
|
| |
 |
81. G
10/88 BB 15 South A (2) SF no. 88.52
D base ring 5 cm; A Th bottom .1 cm
-
Fragment of side and base
of vessel; colorless with yellowish tinge. Iridescence and pitting.
Vestiges of flaring side; convex bottom, with a tall, narrow, closed
cutout base ring; on the underside of the bottom, a circular projecting
pontil or post scar. Blown.
Fig. 81
|
| |
 |
82. G
10/84 DD 20 (3) SF no. 84.224
D base ring 4.5 cm
-
Fragment of side and base
of vessel; colorless. Whitish weathering and pitting. Vestiges of
flaring side; slightly concave bottom; tall, in-turned closed cutout
base ring. Blown.
Fig. 82
|
| |
 |
83. G
10/82 DD 18 East (5) SF no. 82.239
D base ring 4 cm; A Th side .1 cm
-
Fragment of side and base
of vessel; colorless. Whitish weathering and pitting. Vestiges of
flaring side; slightly concave bottom; in-turned, closed cutout base
ring. Blown.
Fig. 83
|
Gaming Pieces or Markers
| |
 |
84. G
10/81 BB South E (2) SF no. 81.92
D 1.5 cm
-
Convex-plano marker; dark
blue. Iridescence and pitting.
Fig. 84
|
| |
 |
85. G
10/84 BB 23 A (3) SF no. 84.1262
D 1.7 cm
-
Convex-plano marker; colorless
with yellowish tinge. Iridescence and pitting. D 1.7 cm
Fig. 85
|
Mosaic Tesserae
| |
No
Figure Available |
86. Max L 15.5 cm;
Max W 7.5 cm
-
Small fragment of a parietal
mosaic with glass tesserae set in plaster. Background composed of
semi-opaque forest green tesserae (approximately 1 cm cubes), with
curving lines rows on single tessera again stems and leaves?) in opaque
yellow and opaque light blue tesserae.
|
| |
No
Figure Available |
87. Max L 20.5 cm;
Max W 19cm
-
Large fragment of a parietal
mosaic. with glass tesserae set in plaster. Background composed of
semi-opaque forest green tesserae (.5 to .75 cm cubes). At the center-,
a single curving row of opaque yellow tesserae, possibly representing
a stem, with two short curving rows of opaque olive green tesserae
springing off of it (possible leaves). Two narrow pieces of colorless
glass are placed at the point where the olive green tesserae meet
the yellow stem. To the right are two single curving rows of pale
yellow cubes made from a soft pigment (now partly corroded), again
possibly representing leaves.
|
Window Panes
Gypsum
plaster window molding, bath complex, with glass panes fragments imbedded
in the frame.
| |
|
88. G
10/82 W 20 N (5) SF no. 82.419 and G 10/83 W 20 H (6) SF no. 83.178
Side Fragment: L 14. 7 cm; W 4.1 cm;
Th 2.5 cm; Corner Fragment: L 6.5 cm; W 4.2 cm; Th 2.5 cm
-
Three non-joining fragments
of gypsum plaster window frame with trowel formed molding (see profile
drawing), preserving one corner and two longer Straight segments.
No paint preserved. Embedded in the plaster (as the backing of the
frame was applied) is a thin, flat sheet (Th .1 cm) of colorless glass.
Glass is embedded 0.7 to 1.2 cm from back of frame.
Remarks: The pane is not
made from the thick, bubbly grayish or bluish-green glass usually
associated with Roman glazing but from a thin, presumably transparent,
colorless glass.
Fig. 88; Pl. 13
|
All
of the following panes are a natural pale green unless otherwise stated.
| |
|
89. G
10/82 T 18 A (3) SF no. 82. 56
-
a. Fragment of rounded corner, preserving two beveled edges, tooling
mark at corner on underside. Max L 5.2 cm; Max Th .4 cm
b. Two joining fragments
of pane, preserving one beveled edge. Max L 11 cm; Max Th .3 cm
c. Two joining fragments
of pane, preserving one beveled edge. Max L 9.8 cm; Max Th .4 cm
d. Two joining fragments
of pane, preserving one beveled edge. Max L 6 cm; Max Th .5 cm
e. Three joining fragments
of pane, preserving one beveled edge. Max L 11.8 cm; Max Th .5 cm
f. Fragment of pane, preserving
one beveled edge. Max L 7 cm; Max Th .6 cm
Pl. 14
|
| |
|
90.
G 10/88 V 18 A (5)
Max L 12.5 cm; Max Th .3 cm
-
Fragment of pane, preserving
one beveled edge.
|
| |
|
91.
G 10/80 W 20 N (6) SF | |
